Improving the conduct and reporting of newer methodological approaches Causal inference, the multidisciplinary field focused ...

The question of whether prehospital emergency anaesthesia and intubation improves survival in patients with major trauma has ...

Pharma commercial operating models rely on clinically testing many compounds to approve a single blockbuster that recoups all investments. The challenge for drug development is that clinical efficacy ...

This paper describes threats to making valid causal inferences about pandemic impacts on student learning based on cross-year comparisons of average test scores. The paper uses Spring 2021 test score ...

We know that correlation does not imply causation, but careful analyses of correlations are often our only way to quantify cause and effect in domains ranging from healthcare to education. This ...

AI & Society, states that algorithmic systems often construct competing but equally valid “model-worlds,” offering empirical support for a philosophical claim that evidence alone cannot uniquely ...

Genetic studies now identify millions of variants across human populations, yet most disease-associated signals fall outside protein-coding regions. This ...

By Tanya O’Garra In 2006, Paul Ferraro and Subhrendu Pattanayak issued an urgent warning: conservation lacked the causal evidence needed to know what actually works. This mattered because decades of ...